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Refractory - Meaning, Definition & English Examples

Refractory describes something stubbornly resistant to control or authority, or a material that withstands high temperatures without melting. It is often used in medical, industrial, and behavioral contexts.

refractory

/rɪˈfræktəri/ /rɪˈfræktəri/

Definition:

Stubbornly resistant to authority or control, or difficult to treat or work with.

Synonyms:

stubborn, unmanageable, obstinate, recalcitrant

Part of Speech:

adjective, noun

Antonyms:

compliant, obedient

Common Collocations:

refractory material, refractory period, refractory behavior

Derivatives:

refractoriness, refractorily

Usage Tips:

Use "refractory" to describe someone or something resisting control or treatment, often in medical or technical contexts.

Common Phrases:

refractory to treatment, in a refractory state

Etymology:

From Latin "refractarius," meaning "stubborn," from "refringere" (to break open).

Examples:

  • 1. The patient's condition was refractory to all medications.
  • 2. The refractory child refused to follow instructions.
  • 3. Scientists developed a new refractory material for high-temperature applications.
  • 4. His refractory attitude made teamwork difficult.
  • 5. The disease proved refractory despite extensive treatment efforts.

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